What was King Louis the XVI put on trial for in 1792? King of France from 1774. 8. Execution of Louis XVI- justified or not? Louis was granted a final visit from Marie Antoinette and his children on the evening of January 20th, however, his other requests were refused. These men prepared the king’s defence thoroughly and delivered it with vigour, in spite of the dangers to their careers and their lives. However, Louis XVI and his reign were of interest as well. To put the king on trial and possibly under the guillotine may accelerate unrest and push France into anarchy or civil war. On January 21st 1793 Louis Capet, as he was by then officially known, was taken to the guillotine and decapitated before thousands of his former subjects. Perhaps no political execution is more famous than that of Louis XVI of France. On December 3rd, the National Convention resolved that Louis could and would be put on trial. On January 20, 1793, the National Convention condemned Louis XVI to death, his execution scheduled for the next day. 6. How many guards escorted King Louis the XVI to his execution in 1793? 321 said ‘prison or In Britain, there was a scathing response to the king’s guillotining. XVI, a monarch who ruled as king of France from 1774 until 1793, was a widely known ruler. The news of Louis’ execution shocked Europe. The outcome of Louis’ trial was decided by a vote. Find out how much do you know about ancient Egypt? The following day dawned cold and wet. In December 1792, the National Convention placed the deposed Louis XVI on trial. He was the second son of Louis, Dauphin of France, and his German-born wife Maria Josepha. Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the King of France from 1774 until 1792, when the monarchy was abolished during the French Revolution.His overthrow and execution ended a monarchy that was over 1,000 years old, although he was not the last French king.. Louis came from the House of Bourbon.He became the king at the age of 20, after the death of his grandfather Louis XV. The trial and execution of Louis XVI would cause a sensation across France and around the world. The carriage arrived . The French Revolution unfolded under his rule and eventually toppled him from power. In a controversial legal move, the Convention’s deputies decided to conduct this trial themselves. The Execution of King Louis XVI. Louis XVI was the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy. Both of his sons died in childhood, before the Bourbon Restoration; his only child to reach adulthood, Marie Therese, was given over to the Austrians in exchange for French prisoners of war, eventually dying childless in 1851. Louis XVI father was the next in line to the French throne but he died in 1765. . Louis XVI was executed on January 21, 1793. Nine months later, Marie Antoinette was convicted of treason by a tribunal, and on October 16 she followed her husband to the guillotine. Louis XVI's execution was notable for a couple of reasons. Louis XVI was the king of France from May 1774 until his execution in January 1793. Why do you think many of the citizens of Paris were armed during the K ing’s procession through the streets of Paris? Perhaps no political execution is more famous than that of Louis XVI of France. Vind hoogwaardige nieuwsfoto's in een hoge resolutie op Getty Images Why do you think many of the citizens of Paris were armed during the King’s procession through the streets of Paris? On January 21, he walked steadfastly to the guillotine and was executed. ADVERTISEMENT. Public pressure demanded the king be put on trial, however, there was considerable legal advice against this. This issue further exposed the gulf between the Paris-centric Jacobins and the nationally-minded Girondins. Three weeks after his execution, a revolutionary journal called Thermomètre du jour published an inaccurate account claiming the King was led to the scaffold with a pistol to his temple, the guillotine struck his neck instead of his head, and the King died without courage. All 693 deputies answered ‘Yes’. Louis XVI. You want to pronounce on the fate of Louis, yet you have already declared your views! The question then turned to the king’s fate. At such memorial services, Louis will and testament was read aloud from the … The National Convention responded by declaring war on England on February 1st. Next, the deputies were asked what the punishment should be. 8. In 1770, at the age of fifteen, Louis XVI married Marie Antoinette, the fourteen year old daughter of the Emperor and Empress of Austria. He boarded a carriage and was taken on a circuitous route through Paris, through streets lined with soldiers and sans-culottes. Raymond de Sèze dissected the charges one by one, skilfully refuting claims that the king was to blame for broken oaths, foreign aggression, émigrés, military failures, bloodshed at the Champ de Mars and the Tuileries. To claim the inviolability provided by the constitution, Louis had to present as a monarch who trusted the constitution. The king had the final say on legal arguments and oversight and approval of all speeches. The situation of the king deteriorated the following year. Louis XVI was the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy. Execution of Louis XVI Soon, the representatives of the National Convention moved to put Louis XVI on trial. From childhood up, History was the favourite reading of Louis-Auguste, successively Due de Berry, Dauphin and King of France as Louis XVI. Publisher: Alpha History The Girondins also thought that the King had the right to a trial, and the Jacobins did not. All Rights Reserved. As 80,000 crowded into the square to watch the execution of Louis XVI, they cannot have been unaware that the guillotine sat where a statue of Louis XV had been. During their trip, they were apprehended at Varennes, France, and carried back to Paris. In 1770 he married Austrian archduchess Marie Antoinette, the daughter of … Sadly, Louis brought the French Revolution down on him. Let us concern ourselves with my trial as if I could win, and I will win, since the memory that I will leave will be without stain’.” Most Downloads Size Popular. 9. How many guards escorted King Louis the XVI to his execution in 1793? This one comes from a royalist named Bernard, who described the events of January 21st in a letter to his mother: “[The king] wished to speak to the people from the scaffold but was interrupted by a drum roll and was seized by the executioners, who pushed him straight under the fatal blade. The Jury of deputies had to answer three questions. Under the Constitution of 1791, the king was considered inviolable and therefore could not be prosecuted or punished. Après nous, le déluge. Louis XVI: execution by guillotine The execution of Louis XVI in 1793. As Louis and his family took refuge in the chamber of the Legislative Assembly, the crowd outside bayed for their arrest and the abolition of the monarchy. Jean-Marie Rouzet believed the king was answerable for his crimes but argued that placing him on trial was provocative, potentially disruptive and not in the national interest. This account of French King Louis XVI's execution is from 'London Packet or New Lloyd's Evening Post', Wednesday, January 23, 1793. https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/january-2018-execution-louis-xvi A major result of the French Revolution was the execution of Louis XVI, the monarch of France during the revolution. About Us. One day after being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. “Louis XVI was the last king of France in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789” (Louis). In 1770 at age 14, Marie Antoinette married the French dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France. 2. The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution ("Revolution Square", formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 17 Date accessed: January 14, 2021 THE PIPELINE is dedicated to exposing the Environmentalist Movement's undermining of freedom and prosperity across the Anglosphere and beyond. All the best Execution Of Louis Xvi Painting 35+ collected on this page. The Girondins, however, feared the ramifications of bowing to the Paris crowd and executing the king without a public mandate. Louis ascended to the French throne in 1774 and from the start was unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems that he had inherited from his grandfather, King Louis XV. He would defend himself not as an anointed king but as a constitutional monarch who had fulfilled his oath of office. “The king had decided on his defence at the time of his interrogation, and it was his decision and his alone. The fate of the king was probably decided after the August 10th attack on the Tuileries. in the greatest silence, at the Place Louis XV, and came to a halt in the middle of a large empty space that had been left around the scaffold. In August 1792, the royal couple was arrested and imprisoned.The next January, Louis was convicted and condemned to death by a narrow majority. An avid hunter like his grandfat… Here Sanson, the executioner, snatches the detached head of Louis XVI to show to the crowd. Whatever can be said of Louis XVI's performance during his reign and the early parts of the French Revolution, there can be no doubt he died bravely and like a king. This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. Under Louis’ instructions, his lawyers instead focused on his constitutional inviolability as monarch and the illegality of the trial. 21 January 1793. In 1774, poor Louis took over the French throne from his grandfather, King Louis XV, who left him to clean up a tremendous economic crisis. Whatever can be said of Louis XVI's performance during his reign and the early parts of the French Revolution, there can be no doubt he died bravely and like a king. When someone sought to help him, he said cheerfully ‘I do not need any help’… On the scaffold, the executioner tied his hands behind his back and then cut his hair. The anniversary of Louis death was made a national day of mourning. He was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy, it ended when he was executed for treason by a guillotine. On November 7th 1792, the National Convention’s legislative committee tabled a report asking “Is Louis XVI ‘judgeable’ for the crimes he is imputed to have committed on the constitutional throne?” The Convention would spend much of the next month debating the question. The French Revolution of 1789 saw the overthrow of the King Louis XVI, and a Republic put in its place based on the ideals of ‘liberté, égalité, fraternité’ (the French for liberty, equality and brotherhood). 6. The States-General had not been assembled since 1614, and the third estate--the commons--used the opportunity to declare itself the National Assembly, igniting the French Revolution. One day after being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. Given the political climate inside and outside the Convention, it would have taken a masterful performance to save the former king, but his responses under cross-examination were far from masterful. Louis-Auguste became Louis XVI, king of France, in 1774, upon his grandfather’s passing. The Convention finalised the former king’s death warrant on January 20th and ordered his execution within 24 hours. The future Louis XVI was born at Versailles in August 1754. The Convention then debated the fate of the king, with the Jacobins demanding his execution and the Girondins supporting an ‘appeal to the people’. Louis XVI’s mother in law helped the royal couple in their sex life. After his death, his body and head were taken to the parish cemetery and thrown into a pit 15 feet deep, where they were consumed with quicklime.”. Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the King of France from 1774 until 1792, when the monarchy was abolished during the French Revolution.His overthrow and execution ended a monarchy that was over 1,000 years old, although he was not the last French king.. Louis came from the House of Bourbon.He became the king at the age of 20, after the death of his grandfather Louis XV. Symbolic significance Effects of the Execution of Louis XVI clearest act of defiance to the idea of "divine right of kings" secured the Jacobins and revolutionists established democracy in which people could make decisions for themselves In the United States, a nation which had won its independence with the support of the dead king, the reaction was more restrained. LIMITED OFFER: Get 10 free Shutterstock images - PICK10FREE. URL: https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/trial-execution-of-louis-xvi/ While the bloodthirsty sans culottes rejoiced, wrote The Times, “honest citizens… could not suppress their heartfelt grief and mourned in private”. Three weeks after his execution, a revolutionary journal called Thermomètre du jour published an inaccurate account claiming the King was led to the scaffold with a pistol to his temple, the guillotine struck his neck instead of his head, and the King died without courage. He leans forward with approving eagerness. Her sister Maria Carolina was married to Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, for similar reasons. In late 1792 the National Convention placed the deposed king, Louis XVI, on trial for crimes against the French people. In contrast, Maximilien Robespierre argued that no trial was necessary. Because of this, the young prince was sidelined and not trained for royal duties. He was guillotined in 1793. In 1770, he married Marie Antoinette, daughter of the emperor and empress of Austria, a match … In 1789, in a last-ditch attempt to resolve his country's financial crisis, Louis assembled the States-General, a national assembly that represented the three "estates" of the French people--the nobles, the clergy, and the commons. What was the mood of King Louis the XVI like in the moments before being executed? Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. Why do you think many of the citizens of Paris were armed during the K ing’s procession through the streets of Paris? In Paris, the guillotine was located at the Place de la Révolution (now the Place de la Concorde), located between the Champs-Elysées to the west and the Tuileries Garden to the east in Paris, France. The execution of Louis XVI that took place on 21 January 1793 was a major event of the French Revolution. Henry Essex Edgeworth (1745-1807) was an Irish priest, a Catholic one, who was the confessor of the last King of France, Louis XVI. Execution of Louis XVI 21 January 1793. From the reign of Louis XVI are often remembered his execution or the Revolutionary period, and his posterity is often eclipsed by the reputation of his legendary wife, Marie-Antoinette. “In 1774, Louis succeeded his grandfather Louis XV as king of France” (BBC). May 15, 2013 - Explore History Of The World's board "Execution of Louis XVI", followed by 205435 people on Pinterest. The former king took a close personal interest in his defence. Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the King of France from 1774 until 1792, when the monarchy was abolished during the French Revolution.His overthrow and execution ended a monarchy that was over 1,000 years old, although he was not the last French king.. Louis came from the House of Bourbon.He became the king at the age of 20, after the death of his grandfather Louis XV. 321 said ‘prison or Next, the deputies were asked what the punishment should be. This shortly lead to the execution of Louis XVI and his wife a little later on. Louis spent that evening saying goodbye to his wife and children. I trust that my death will be for the happiness of my people, but I grieve for France and I fear she may suffer the anger of the Lord’. Ga naar zoeken Ga naar hoofdinhoud. We collected 35+ Execution Of Louis Xvi paintings in our online museum of paintings - PaintingValley.com. Louis XVI, king of France, ascended the throne in 1774. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis XVI. As usual on this blog, I will strive to recount this dramatic event through the testimony of eyewitnesses. In the few days available to him Louis assembled a defence team containing some of France’s best lawyers: the gifted orator Raymond de Sèze; François Tronchet, who had interrogated Louis after his arrest at Varennes; and Guillaume Malesherbes, the retired jurist and former minister of state. 5. 1. How many guards escorted King Louis the XVI to his execution in 1793? Birthplace: Versailles, France Location of death: Paris, France Cause of death: Execution Remains: Buried, Saint-Denis Basilica, Sai. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis XVI. Louis XVI’s courage on June 20, 1792, when the royal palace was invaded by the Paris mob after his dismissal of the Girondin ministry, and his dignified bearing during his trial and at the moment of execution did something to redeem, but did not reestablish, his reputation. The outcome of Louis’ trial was decided by a vote. Picture of Louis XVI's Execution French Revolution Posters. How did the French citizens who witnessed the king's execution react? Picture of Louis XVI's Execution French Revolution Posters. Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793. He was charged with treason due to his attempt to flee the country, which was viewed as him abandoning his country. This worksheet allows students to use a primary source document to learn about the execution of French King Louis XVI in 1793. What was King Louis the XVI put on trial for in 1792? Here you are! Use of this site constitutes acceptance of the Terms and Conditions, The truth about 'False Flags' from Nazi Germany, to the Vietnam War, The Battle of Isandlwana and the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. Public celebrations in memory to Louis only returned to France when his younger brother retook the throne in 1814. On January 15th 1793, following a short deliberation, the Convention’s deputies handed down a unanimous guilty verdict, 693 votes to none. French Revolution memory quiz – events 1789-91, French Revolution memory quiz – events 1792-95, French Revolution memory quiz – events to 1788, French Revolution memory quiz – terms (I), French Revolution memory quiz – terms (II), French Revolution memory quiz – terms (III). The Convention then voted 387 to 334 in favour of executing the former king. 5. The fate of the king was eventually concluded on January 17th. Louis arose at five. At 10 am, the carriage arrived at the Place de la Révolution, formerly the Place de Louis XV, a public square between the Champs-Élysées and the Tuileries. Since Christmas 1792, Girondin deputies had been lobbying for an appel au peuple (‘appeal to the people’) – in effect, a national referendum on whether the king should die. When it comes to regicide — the killing of a king — the historical record is blood-soaked indeed, but few are quite as famous as the execution of France's King Louis XVI, as well as his wife, Marie Antoinette.Louis inherited the throne in 1774 when he was still way too young for any reasonable person to hand him ultimate power — not quite 20 years old. Date published: August 12, 2020 May 15, 2013 - Explore History Of The World's board "Execution of Louis XVI", followed by 205435 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about louis xvi, louis, french revolution. Aug 15, 1792. The execution of King Louis XVI in Assassin's Creed Unity. They have the power and the will to do so. For more info, visit our FAQ page or Terms of Use. Louis ascended to the French throne in 1774 and from the start was unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems that he had inherited from his grandfather, King Louis XV. Stripped of his royal and noble titles, Louis became known as ‘Citizen Louis Capet’, a more humble name derived from his ancestors. Assassins Creed Unity King Louis XVI Execution Scene See more ideas about louis xvi, louis, french revolution. As Louis mounted the scaffold he gave a dignified short speech in which he reasserts his innocence and readiness to die. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette’s only surviving child Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte married her first cousin Louis Antoine of France, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of Louis XVI’s brother, King Charles X. Engraving. 5. Some radical American journalists went as far as suggesting that the former king had betrayed his people and had got what he deserved. He was only able to say these words in a strong voice: ‘I forgive my enemies. . This French Revolution site contains articles, sources and perspectives on events in France between 1781 and 1795. In 1770 at age 14, Marie Antoinette married the French dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France. Louis was born at Versailles on 23 August 1754. The revolution seemed to be moving too fast and slipping into mob rule. The Countess of Charny; or, The Execution of King Louis XVI: Dumas, Alexandre: Amazon.nl Selecteer uw cookievoorkeuren We gebruiken cookies en vergelijkbare tools om uw winkelervaring te verbeteren, onze services aan te bieden, te begrijpen hoe klanten onze services gebruiken zodat we verbeteringen kunnen aanbrengen, en om advertenties weer te geven. 3. The people had already delivered their verdict on the king, Robespierre argued, with their actions on August 10th. Two of the Convention’s deputies, Charles-François Morisson and Claude Fauchet, argued that the king could only be tried under the Constitution of 1791; there was no other law that applied to him. ... King Louis XVI was called to be the last Bourbon King of france. The execution of King Louis XVI in Assassin's Creed Unity. Louis XVI — January 21st, 1793. Controversially, the Convention itself would act as his judge and jury. Title: “The trial and execution of Louis XVI” Father Edgeworth de Firmont, who had accompanied King Louis XVI to his execution… Reign of Louis XVI of France. The Constitution of 1791, which was still in place when the king was arrested, placed the monarch outside the jurisdiction of the courts. With 20,000 people gathered in attendance, Louis was led to the Place de la Révolution, where a guillotine was waiting to … The king’s trial began a week later, on December 11th 1792. It also protected him from any punishment other than dethronement. I thought you might be interest in this from The London Times, Jan. 25, 1793, about the execution of King Louis XVI of France: LOUIS XVI. But while the deposed king had masterful advocates and brilliant men at his side, he was damned by his own testimony. At birth, Louis was third in line to the French throne. The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution ("Revolution Square", formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 17 7. It was the Jacobins who won the day, gaining the support of the Plain and defeating the motion for an appel au peuple by 424 votes to 283. He was determined to fight for his life by providing his innocence in an adversary proceeding. You want to pronounce on the fate of Louis, yet your opinions are already spread across Europe!”. Four days after Louis’ death, Britain expelled the French ambassador. However, Louis XVI struggled to lead France and lacked the qualities of previous monarchs. Louis XVI, who belonged to the Royal House of Bourbon, became King of France in 1774 when his grandfather Louis XV died. On January 21, 1793. Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793. While his lawyers argued skilfully, Louis’ own testimony was unconvincing. Assassins Creed Unity King Louis XVI Execution Scene Louis XVI was the last Bourbon king of France who was executed in 1793 for treason. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. The Jury of deputies had to answer three questions. The French National Convention had ordered on January 20, 1793, the … 2. He had no illusions about the outcome of the trial, as he told Malesherbes at their first interview: ‘I am sure they will make me perish. Louis XVI — January 21st, 1793. On January 21st, the former Louis XVI, the last absolutist king of France, awoke before dawn and received mass from a non-juring priest. Louis XVI became the king of France in 1774 when he succeeded his grandfather, Louis XV. Firstly, they had to decide whether or not Louis was guilty. The work he returned to most was David Hume’sHistory of England: on the occasion of Hume’s visit to France in 1763, the nine-year-old Berry made him a pretty speech and got his younger brothers the Comte de Provence and the Comte d’Artois to do the same. King Louis XVI executed 21-January One day after being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. The king took off his coat at the foot of the scaffold. By June 1791, opposition to the royal pair had become so fierce that the two were forced to flee to Austria. On December 11th, 1792, the king was brought before the convention to hear the charges against him. All 693 deputies answered ‘Yes’. Louis was born at Versailles on 23 August 1754. The Execution of Louis XVI (January 21, 1793) Henry Edgeworth De Firmont. It contains 231,429 words in 354 pages and was updated on December 2nd 2020. Facing execution, Louis XVI responded as dignified and resigned. Citation information The execution of Louis XVI by guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution ("Revolution Square", formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. The Russian empress Catherine the Great also broke off diplomatic relations with France, while the rulers of Austria and Prussia ordered a significant escalation in military action against revolutionary France. The deputies voted 387 to 334 for the king’s execution. Includes the September Massacres and the Girondins-Montagnards split. The September Massacres two months earlier cast a long shadow over these proceedings. On far side of scaffold a wicker basket stands ready to receive his body. Many of the Convention’s deputies had been radical democrats in the Legislative Assembly and the Jacobin club – but the wanton slaughter in early September worried these reasonable men. The financial state of France was in the toilet, and Louis XVI, without any previous political experience, was responsible for fixing it. On receiving this order Louis requested a three-day stay of execution, to farewell his wife and children and prepare “to appear in the presence of Almighty God”. 7. He spent hours each day with his lawyers; their discussions, later described by Malesherbes and Louis’ valet Jean-Baptiste Cléry, were intelligent and lively. KING OF THE FRENCH By an express which arrived yesterday morning from Messrs. Fector and… Because there was no legal precedent or constitutional facility for a legislature to act as a court, the Convention’s decision was highly irregular and of doubtful legality. This activity is very easy to use. Outside the Convention, the gutter press and the Paris sections screamed for his execution. Louis's head being shown to the crowd. Louis’ utterances in the witness chair, like many of his utterances on the throne, ranged from stubborn and indignant to evasive and vacillating. A group of 72 deputies raised a supplementary motion urging clemency and a reprieve for the king, but this motion was voted down 380 to 310. The Countess of Charny; or, The Execution of King Louis XVI (Hardcover). The deputies of the Assembly eventually agreed to both. His execution caused shock waves and condemnation around the world, most notably in Britain, which within a fortnight was at war with France. The Convention finalised the former king’s death warrant on January 20th and ordered his execution within 24 hours. Louis XVI, 1781 © Louis was king of France when the monarchy was overthrown during the French Revolution. Louis’ lawyers used this as their main defence, arguing that the king’s decisions were valid under the constitution. ©2021 AETN UK. King Louis XVI didn’t exactly rise to power in a perfect throne. I love history and reading accounts from various papers and journals of momentous events. On receiving this order Louis requested a three-day stay of execution, to farewell his wife and children and prepare “to appear in the presence of Almighty God”. Representatives of the Assembly eventually agreed to both document to learn about the execution Louis... Became the king deteriorated the following year two months earlier cast a long over... A carriage and was taken on a two-hour carriage ride to his execution in 1793 volution... Nationally-Minded Girondins was his decision and his German-born wife Maria Josepha the K ing ’ s trial began a later. Paris, through streets lined with soldiers and sans-culottes to present as a constitutional monarch had... 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