Advanced. In PS, secondary effects such as pain and swelling occur as with all surgical procedures. Periapical surgery 1. Key words: Periapical surgery, endodontic treatment, polycarboxylate cement. Introduction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. For this reason, we will analyse the studies published in Medline and the most important spanish dental magazines. AIM To compare 2D with 3D radiography in assessing the treatment outcome 1 year after periapical surgery. For obvious reasons this is impossible to accomplish or has failed16, method is not available except for cases 17,18. Volume 74, Issue 2, February 2016, Pages 239-246. METHODOLOGY In this prospective study, periapical radiographs (PA) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed 1 year after periapical surgery. Periapical Surgery vs. Implant Surgery Advancements in delivering periapical surgery have resulted in success rates that can be equivalent to implant replacement when certain guidelines are adhered to. The objective of the present study is to and periapical surgery with or without resection of the implant apex. Flap design in periapical surgery should be adequate for the planned surgical procedure, offering good access to the zone surrounding the affected apexes without altering the soft-tissue circulation. Materials and Methods: A total sample of 80 patients, all needing periapical surgery on one or more of their upper anterior tooth (teeth) was subjected to this trial. Periapical surgery as an adjunct to endodontic treatment is a proven approach. Dentoalveolar surgery. The present clinical case describes periapical microsurgery with an endoscope and microscope in a patient already treated 25 years ago due to persistent periapical disease of the two central upper incisors, restored with poorly adapted crowns. With dawn of era of minimal intervention in dentistry, surgical management of periapical lesions become controversial. In recent years, periapical surgery has evolved thanks to new diagnostic and technical advances. The surgeon did periapical surgery on teeth 42, 41 and 31 without endodontic retreatment of involved teeth. It was also the aim to assess whether the histopathological diagnosis of biopsies taken at the operation could be correlated to healing. Studies show the increased success of procedures performed with a microscope and decreased with-out magnification or with loupes only[1,7]. Clinical Case . 71. Endodontic Surgical ProceduresEndodontic Surgical Procedures Incision and drainageIncision and drainage Periapical curettagePeriapical curettage ApicoectomyApicoectomy Retrograde endodontic treatmentRetrograde endodontic treatment Perforation repairPerforation repair Root resectionRoot resection Hemisection … Introduction . Author links open overlay panel Yang Deng MS ∗ Xiaodan Zhu MS † Jun Yang DDS ‡ … Misconceptions The maximum magnification that can be used in a given situa-tion is a big issue. Periradicular surgery is not the first choice of treatment in nonhealing periradicular pathosis. SOme authors are of ter periapical sugery should be to study the opinion that surgery should be used microscopically biopsies taken from the only when conservative endodontic therapy periapical region. During periapical surgery, the bone lid remains in physiological saline, and it is replaced over the cavity at the end of the surgery (Fig. It is often performed in conjunction with apical curettage for reasons explained later . Placing a bone graft following periapical surgery and cyst enucleation will accelerate bone formation at the defective area. Endodontic SurgeryEndodontic Surgery 2. The bigger it becomes, the visible field shrinks. retreatment of the canal, periapical surgery or extraction of the affected tooth. periapical surgery. According to Reiser and Nevins and Oh et al. Endodontic treatment attempts to eliminate bacterial infection in the radicular duct. This cement is composed of an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid and inorganic salts, with zinc oxide as the main ingredient. 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