Metals and NonMetals Class 10 Notes NCERT CBSE Chapter 3 Chemistry Download pdf. 5.1.1 Döbereiner’s Triads In the year 1817, Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner, a German chemist, tried to … endobj In addition to classifying the elements into s block, p block, d block and f block, the elements can be classified in three categories on the basis of their properties as: (1) Metals (2) Non-metals and (3) Metalloids. endstream endobj 88 0 obj <>stream Most of the metals are solids in nature except for mercury which shows liquid-like motion. |��u���.F�P�5H�Ч`Y�:�U�t+�lZ��ط�T��5,VxL %PDF-1.6 %���� 2.METALS AND THEIR CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION 2.1 Introduction A thorough understanding of chemical principles is an essential prerequisite for the safe use of metals and thus any proposed system of classification must be referenced to the periodic table of the elements. In such case less metal will bind in the presence of a metal with ahigher binding affinity. Metal classification provides a means of separating ferrous and nonferrous materials. Workshop classification and labelling of metals | 08 February 2012 13 Mixtures As the affinity of metals to AVS differs, it is possible that above a certain loading metals will compete for the (limited) AVS available. c��5�{g\����kq��Y�� The extraction of metals from ores is what allows us to use the minerals in the ground! Conductors. �(��}�u���)�,I^�ov��E�[�zcUU�ڛ�ix���!K�J�'��ux K��}9܃+�����P�(�)�Q�$~s��gR~��*�cw�:ĸҞa���:\�^*����Q]7��!��[�i��^<9�\-��܎jF`n�i�9.�B���t��KH[�YC�ڦ��l�բ���M����z��բR��YS�O��ЗU��H��U��Y�&I�V}�xBǐ��J�����uM�V���\vez��n��M��R�P�*3Q�UY�a�7=P��[X�����n�y��T�;3p�q�VuC8MK=�L;�U�[�c����(�.8�*c�����r�m��c `��*'�h�7���6��ƫ�� ٪5[p�D�[�|�u�� Based on these earlier schemes, Prior (1920) devel-oped a comprehensive meteorite classification scheme, in- 2012-11-27T05:50:54Z The ores are very different from the finished metals that we see in buildings and bridges. Classification of Metals •Ferrous-those based on iron Steels Cast irons •Nonferrous-all other metals Aluminum, magnesium, copper, nickel, titanium, zinc, lead, tin, molybdenum, tungsten, gold, silver, platinum, and others •Superalloys These elements were classified by Lavoisier in to metals and non-metals by studying their properties. risk assessments, voluntary risk assessments, REACH dossiers, high h��Xms�6��0���C.���:�(��z�og�ɴ�| IPbC�*I�v~�- I��^���fbYw�,삻��P"a< R'D�ѐƄ 2"\ИȘ�0����( ("d$`DDL� Uh� U$�~��� A�"�3PDF(��� 9�!%���!�(Ɩc�`��1�����[��ci��'?8���.���ϸ��fd���c\gM^�3|�7نaVK���!L����f�(����>���S¹6⥮��z-���4�ĮIlP�0�p��X��8���I,���h��Gh���n�lt~3]�\���BF���l|=:%�/��e8�WG�����ӓ�������|�Z�����U�w��9e�"��r��i���?��xD�O���"r��οO�L�.�����V��|��i�������TU���J�O$k����'ſ��bB$�\ä��e����-{��كU�q>m�:?��Y��0���i�I�Oi� ayJ�\n����݃�����W�f��t��Ã��� v�ݛ�y�/�noo�[�7�X�$p7�Վڿ+�#A��d���B�^�z8���J��q`�_��ݧ@>��a��ټ߯������?�X� Metals And Their Properties- Physical and Chemical All the things around us are made of 100 or so elements. Normally major metals are in solid states at normal temperature. Extraction of metals. 1 Classification of Biomaterials – Ceramics, Metals, Polymers, Composites 1 “A nonviable material used in Basic Classification of Engineering Materials Basically Engineering Materials Can be classified into two categories- MetalsNon-Metals Metals Metals are polycrystalline bodies which are having number of differentially oriented fine crystals. They are also naturally present in the rocks washed by surface water and groundwater and in atmospheric dust. grouping the then known elements as metals and non-metals. View Notes - 531100- Chapter 8. The metals and non-metals differ in their properties. Composites 4. !�/��3�E��Xy�.w���n�G�N�s���u�Gv�j�΁�v�%[Aj��٦k�(j�8SFQ{Of�_�I'����ĜN�~�m ;a'���K;=��;���rܰ����w-W���ǝs���dԠ��c�4�N�FUǪʢ��������#_�I��;�])Ɉ6��lK}�����"_��I�d��@�V�a>���!� �:�� " c�r(� �!�2�c]&�p�S)�D6rP� `r��9�C0�&���>�H8�o���� A�vmv�M�Cf�!�u1�>�6���+j�&ɐ�VA����{z`�@�����&� ���7qV�JC�A6\��>��80Z=4�j�ch!���H9[�R �6�L��)(�a� sA"��&��i$e���!�XP� �8)� ��$]�� A��&!A�r���$!��!�A�V�6�H�D1LAa;���#% �* �r��z[� a## 7#� �0�_%��p�"v�B�R��Vt��4��� ���iEt9�������Prs�'�(o��[�=Đq[���\d-�+p�\C�ߗBs�����4��; ̈��x,y�4����ԼChꜥ��D=�W���s�3Rc W|��T�9e����5\]^�l4(��!I� �DS h�2�T0P���wJ,Nu��+��sqt���H�)K-�LN�w�K�O��K���s�+΄��2��K�3����Az]R���2J�-����$"T�&�T�� C0 �46�$�8���"�� � Xk/� The metal casting processis the oldest and popular method of manufacturing means of designing the desired shapes. alkali elements Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr �ap�Z�o�j������9�5�w Ի���wA`q[x�8�d���LZ�t(�.�5A��՟t��=;�����Q=l/�����X��}����;�O u�#� 0. Metals h�22V0P���w�/�+Q0���L)�62 The castings can produce in sizes varying from a few mm to several meters. The ferrous metals themselves can also be classified into "families', and these are shown in figure ( 2 ). A endstream endobj 87 0 obj <>stream 5) endstream endobj 86 0 obj <>stream Extrusion iv. Polymers 1. 78 0 obj CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS Mandeleev’s Periodic Law: ... (Alkali metals) and Group-2 elements (Alkaline earth metals) which respectively have ns1 and ns2 outermost electronic configurations. endstream endobj 90 0 obj <>stream Hence, σ ~ 102 – 108 S/m ρ ~ 10-2 – 10-8Ωm 1. OD1643 US Army Correspondence Course Program 6 Credit Hours GENERAL The purpose of this subcourse is to introduce the student to the properties of metals, their characteristics, uses and identification codes. P+��~ Y?a 1.2 Non – ferrous metals These materials refer to the remaining metals known to mankind. Basis for usage of Material �P�Hh�!�B�X�Q�91Ɏq�0��&ۣ ���@�"""C_jl4�/S"�"���(��il:m�@�n9Z2:�ᜂ� xe조�����5�Ls�,���<2��!������5��T" NR Casting made from any metal that can be melt and can have any configuration the designer desires. Heavy metals are elements with metallic properties and an atomic mass of > 20. Insulators – These are solids which have very high resistivity or very low conductivity. ���2U�eu�v���@�`��V����&8a:N! The pure metals are rarely used as structural materials as they lack mechanical strength. Students and apprentices should become familar with at least a couple of them early on in their training. Classification of ferrous metals.pdf from ENGINEERIN - at Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima. However, some metals such as mercury are also in liquid state… By K.G.S.Prasad Rao Consultant Metallurgist 16/03/2016 2. ,'�Ӥ�Z�.�2vy�3d�f!MD�31�����v�!�O�Lˢ����[��O��ʘ)ګ%�L��/�+���H��%~��7i��h0���=�t�� �^�׮���m��OF��^��z �����Z_�~�V�?��aau��W�� @��% l�th&�� M�6&�l ��� L>aa��ä�I����A2gZ�A�� ޛAt���@�t��K���u����v�I���K�"4��KXI�T���"JP��$A: endstream endobj 3 0 obj <>/Filter/CCITTFaxDecode/Height 526/ImageMask true/Length 5823/Subtype/Image/Width 1040>>stream ���l�-�yYU ��d���2�u They can be classified in a variety of ways depending on what property or characteristic you use as a yardstick. rPE�-���h���Pi���P91�P��dtw@�w@��Si�I�3��4�p�=�7L��H�� BƒA�j��P� �p��P�*M���] �|���9�"9�-�9��;(s�S����� ��� �WN ��DD b"""��5B����Ep���:����zi6�ڕ�����x���X &�I�+�(���� x}�$��A���4 i��9C�i� .S��9NV80D4�!\��4m) ��0�A0P"�8�C(\0�f�H>�X`���A �!C�)L���A��ti>�H����l�H9��?�A �k/!�����x-c �GܴMܾ@�����x˓t@M�L����㼬�ď8��a�/)��C�~^X��L�6>�8sk~����ͿE��/6�)�������L�{-���g䅔���a0U72�uN ���+��+D�8���U�B8�%�g�d�}�L�ʯ��P��trA �]�)�,�&iۨ$�`�f���`bj&�&n��C=��G�Ie��$9n5철(+�ss�Q���n+ ςHy���K1�rA�\�Q��]8����=���F+�"|í)�SX'P���\ck������.�Mr�� q���ey��L�͋ԍϡ�2�i��ѥ��\-�Z���.�=���OOXǛ�Z�E�^b!� t+J��tĎ�EO��~����D��i��0@�;����\���jm*���s�#ᾓ|�ʠ�0> E�*PCE��J�\�Kg��VuP��_�I(~m�u6��i%�m�L]��#�c�}2�'�%����$SRjԩ�_��$�ʔ:H�L ,f�J)�խ��פ8�\�i�#��n��^����ǒ�`fO���)��0 �ރ�>��"R�Z���- fʇhS;QK4��9���7�a#F)Z��_ʘ�y„4\A��*���tϋ���#�2�{�A��[65a|�@_�u9���L��<0�5��|=�sc�N����*�����j�92v����UU.�]��j��E���e�9�~y�qG��G;o���}�����Ǡ��l[�w�N�o U�� Metals are natural compounds of earth’s crust, in which they are generally found in the form of metal ores, associated both with each other and with many other elements. Wk��� _��A��k� �j�bvO;Gn�`�JA0�P�XlOk��A6�8o��A�� ?g�8���N)�PD?͆Ag"̂aA�g��q�--$pb�Lv�u�`�MMPj��,��Ҧ�w޺j�����־�t�=4�կ��I7U��]�,�����(`�}"W�ַ��hN�|�O_ ���h�e�m}zI��տ�n�T�!��~�j��k�{ �A���xf{V�:��e�NS�rܱ��Hr���ɎC@���!�89�å 0�aؔ�!��Y(q ܐ��u@}��7d,0���8���P�2��A��q�(���D8��ӆq8��fL�����Eقd�M� �&��[h70�@���h6�A0�o�W�7A�L ֶ���}�!�i��4l���n�C@0EAF��P�a���6��8�h3(r� F�/��Ld2�e��A ��)�.�S��@v �tP�Y�dtP�|���9��o���2� �VA��� m�7��IA�80�A��m�% ���G��@>���<1�'ն�9rlL���`D�T�d����$��� �&�H6��C0r�!�r X@��q�9�����a��D4)�$4�o����kM� _�CbÄf�� �۷I;�D.���̃��>��]�&苽HQ��0Bw�-���`�b Hence, σ ~ 10-11 – 10-19 S/m ρ ~ 1011 – 1019Ωm 1. Forging iii. )�g������gt��L/�ɏ�ܱ�#"2s5���"g������3H i� �X��Qd�_< }�P�C0��*a��a3 l�U��m��Z���ֿM�DQ�ݡa8��gD��홿y,�'?PA��k���K��'߯K����/����nؽoO�}�����"���:_Ǻ�^�������k�0����$E:�&��$y٪�^�������P `��ͣ�C��:EAV^L��h�G��o���9� �a�N,&�OB�a0��6_m/�w�um4�4�t�iz\Z��4~�kک;�� ʺ%�:�]�ry�D���\�m����?������~����T\'D��u�[�o��ޫu�ۧ���tX�����?k�v҆�}�l%��«־��{wޓ�]Z��=�c��c�>+t�/�_������>�'�����������}5�,0�}�vB�ڮ��v��}�� �4���2��: 3�\ �: MP�/����_�~��������������b_��z����~��>����&���~N��F�}�t����umU��wJ8���o�����kN���k���Km'V��M�K�����!8TT|~ȣ����Nӵ��^��dX�a�,2 �h5���`�ȯ `�@�P`�|2û{��""""""""""zZ]�c�aCPeld� �u2&S;Q �)�[���;�.?' �4��I%Z�z_��]i*_}j��^�-}%�x�WZ�����]y���h��dQ�Ԉ�ߑG�%�ZIU�I$�T�M/�i��H}%Z�M%].+MV�ih��}u�c����%Q��?^��u��WX�B�Ф��T+_]$��_Iw�Z�RK�������� T%����Q�+T�%���z���K�$�W!��N��_����~�+���Z�~���\.�/�zJ����c��I%[K�IwZ�ֵ#UIW�֗_��Q��t�H�z\""?�j�]}RT��al��Z�z���GK����^G�֐h�KK.��Z��f�K�]uz�Ҏ"����5� ����W^��C�Y��ִ��TTzJ�iUUu�� zK�S�B�ڏ��I,�8�i-5ZU ҩuӥ�It�Ҫ��ꯤ����b�C��i�b����������+j#WQU�ª��,/a0�A�P�`�j�aS� endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>stream =�a~�xk��a��HL �GA��&a4i��":ݧ�"-�!�a0B��0��0�b""""#�;[KL�"�vKQ�������������6���5��=I.D��漃�yB����A(DA�����"L��2�&c#�A��30�� RFl �40�CM4D4 4�$��T�a0���OZDQ܌z�G|Zu�u��0R~��@�3�A�_#�.d�|��̏�m�������*i��A�=��'�I������u�������*8������������������W������߯����D ����Z\��5�^S���_]���u������f�u�C�������]k��]>�����V���_k�_��ߍ�᥶Ն� �~_�U1�ll{�"��4�t�o��}}�J����d 酰�k�?�UQ`�4!�B!&�hL`�8�DDDDDDG���-���e���a$d&��h7!�����03��uf@��L&P���DDž\}4쏩rc�!�EE�ᤴ���?��mUեa�_J�&w��!I!]i��{_�>"���UHh*YGZ�IB���\dA&D�j΄9����)�3f�@��ȃ!���>�#�. %���� ꭄij�v�J� ��{�:I�B�m�!6��0ga���k��L�n��gCfζ����)`���NC4ȃQ���6�i1"��JĆ�)NC`��(l.� For more specific information on metal and heat-treating techniques, refer to TM 43-0106. View 1_Introduction to Biomaterials (1).pdf from BIOLOGY 101 at King Faisal University. They are bendable into different shapes and have many uses in … 84 0 obj <>stream $h遆@�@(5L&x�4�u`�2������hl[{��~=�`"U���'4�Z^�,f��綦�f���r����%�1a1� Metal Classification - Deciphering the Codes Introduction. The process of extracting metal ores buried deep underground is called Mining. There are plenty of free electrons available for electric conduction. application of external force. �c��(���������C����������O�!�S��]k����հDI�X���!4��sA�,rg4����us���q�9H+9Ns?O��q�!G ���W� 4��4�Za2��4���B/���'_�D��7���4�5A��i�_��Z{�����F;�c�Ew�7R1�C���N�ۯ���׿��� ���� �A�A�A�@� ٙ��‘��%l":����m�����[� '���麧�L �0�A7%��̺aկj��V������WT��ST�>�ªv���D]��G�J�j��!�G����}t����_��{�6>=�)��b?���?�׏���_׻[!%��Q������5�����h2(�ȱh4����BG ��0����_���׫�2��0�DB!�""C��������^�����ɧ����e�~�U����h����������4?���4?�Z��z�����_��������u뻵��_�����m.˥�����u�յ��l%o�8V�S�LlU1_��T��� �� The most common contaminants of heavy metal are Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, and As. C���gd]����_�=���L5��W Gj����p�\�S����xWv���LI�;[J�4C���:,�k�`W��P¯�p ��>�-T�`)����b�V�����Rez]-���R;C=NC�Tj���{��o����I�މ����҂�F�a�0N�ޝM'?^��yo�*��� � For the many different metals and alloys sold today, nearly as many classification systems exist to keep all the standards straight within the industry. (SDjED���i��La0���T�0T� Classification of elements as metals and nonmetals. Nitro Pro 7 (7. Classification of metals Metals can be divided into two main groups: ferrous metals are those which contain iron and non-ferrous metals that are those which contain no iron. )�I0i&-@d�~HeA�~@bzj��@� I? Cast iron is available in six general types: 1. alloyed iron 2. white iron 3. malleable iron 4. compacted graphite iron (CGI) 5. ductile iron 6. gray iron Ironis also alloyed use many types of elements including copper, molybdenum, chromium and nickel. <. A metal which is very good carrier of electricity is called conductor. r h�22P0P02T0R02R07U�����wJ,Nu��+��H�)K-�LN�w�K�O��KW01j��K�MK��&�T�� C0��kg�lPTbA�P{RbI1DoT�Kn� ��1B �\~ZK�O�T�{����h4��N�U��!�K%��M��>����azX`��������J]*P�*}i��u�� ��O$*׆�4��! … Later further classifications were tried out as our knowledge of elements and their properties increased. application/pdf 2012-11-27T05:51:16Z Metals and alloys Materials. Traditionally the three major classes of materials are metals , polymers , and ceramics . Metals – These are solids which have very low resistivity or very high conductivity). Ceramic materials 3. ALLOYS are produced by melting or sintering two or more metals or metals and a non-metal together. Classification of Materials. CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS BASED ON ENERGY BAND THEORY . Iron standard specification and metal characteristics from ASTM and SAE are in the table below: Metals are further classified into Ferrous Metals, Non-Ferrous Metals. �a�������VBc`������Ӹal�� �ɿ�aK@"1�"84!�A��,��28M4�j"$V�A��"��3���D��#�mlT0KLU���(�u�d. 1.1 Metals Materials in this group are composed of one or more metallic elements (such as iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, gold, and nickel), and often also nonmetallic elements (for example, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) in relatively small amounts. 77 0 obj Classification of materials JosepPoch March 07. H��WKo�6��W�(�"Jv"�R��`�lQ=E��q��8I�Ƕ����pfHJ�7-z�k�$�=�7�w}V��]eG����cv���*ck�o����� k������J�u'��f��/ŬΗ���bv�oks�����䟋�"�T̚���`����M�k�#ڳޞ3�8{�ک>+l�?��A�G�j� ~ �6N���&�=�,�, %PDF-1.4 h(M�����Կ��a��M���Nף�����|��!GIt�u������ؤ�&�u�o�n��NҺZ_���V�kkm��]�kֱ�L�v66D��T4�iA�o�������*m[��� �A��dGA��Bp�w�Q%>��S� �`�C.Z�����DDDG��C��NJ�l8_�_�����[��_�ݤ�$� ��x2�m&�F���[ ^�L[Vm&ҷM����3 ����Pa��N��a$��A�GA'�P�T�s�q�vR�4 p- Block elements: They belongs to group- 13 to 18. Due to […] Pure Iron is of little use as an engineering material because it is too soft and ductile. Non-metals … 0. Classification of Metal Working Processes 1. Woods 2. classification of metals -MEC 1 1. Nitro Pro 7 (7. �2&��•�E�t]���E�#�|���>v@9!ށ��mp����������[��r3� �z�aRv�AEu��bq���۶�z�=+��i=&�D�i7��I��;�o���?�{i7\0`��z��6��;i?��~"���� Rolling ii. 1. METAL PROPERTIES, CHARACTERISTICS, USES, AND CODES SUBCOURSE NO. �I%A�U�A��U���$�B�=WI�Z����%��7�V��u�'��M�|_L$���F������CpM+-��w�#�|�#��� �e��.��GE�>JQtq����V�� rC�-��h��vbB�iSe���;xA�F�I �� �4��Ip�j��a�e�,� �a1�!�P ..�6�pAp�gXa!d=�a({a+���� �n����:m����;�h,o@��;-�I��K: Elements are classified broadly into two categories on the basis of properties: Metals… are termed as metal. classification in 1883 and Brezina’s modification of the Tshermak-Rose classification scheme (see Prior, 1920). h�27Q0P���wJ,Nu��+��H�)K-�LN�w�K�O��KW07� ��K�MK��&�T�� C0��kg` ��� Fig ( 2 ( Classification of ferrous metals. The metal is subjected to stress.It is a process of changing the shape and size of the material under the influence of external force or stress.Plastic Deformation occurs. The materials are classified based on their conducting property. endstream endobj 91 0 obj <>stream mafia Atoms in metals and their alloys are arranged in A standard place setting includes metal cutlery, a polymer napkin, and a ceramic dish. stream �.��V$��&�5��@T3R� n�����ZoT�/��lxj%��a4�lb�{! General classification i. �V��[��T¦�i���aER�DDDDDDB&. HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS GENERAL PURPOSE This chapter contains basic information pertaining to properties and identification of metal and heat-treating procedures used for metals. endstream endobj 89 0 obj <>stream 531100 Engineering Materials I 2(2-0-4) CHAPTER And is one of the first steps in manufacturing most products. 5) p߷�h�Bu٪�ű��s�Zs$��\U��a��K8��c���68�Ⱥ��KY��h3��)���x�'s2�9�ʌ�9���.�����_��Z�U՗��.���8��z3P�����:��M����ܪ�;PNW�n5�UnZ�BY��픵S�e��*�L�dʁL���C��k�x�ě�x��j����0+��r����j�q�:{�����I���K�4�'�4¥0_�$f�Ϳ���, g'��W�+���b��O� ��L��G�'Cy�T��T��H�f×�yy�0�%�W�|�#0 ~�iW(#C���c ��x�������"���l/y��"Ĝ*(�Q��(K)UO� ��Iǃ��Qh�~?0t�5�ex�K��;�7xo*�T����\jOf2�Le�3�E�"S%[�^L��5�W�^>�W� /�ѷ��`�=�R7u�+<4f!K��R�ȋēJ"�YxE*��3�%I�� �y,M��Ԕ�� '�~M��E\�"��w0�C�E��2M4�*�Ɨ#��"�$+D��� x�rdDh]��s��--��_`9 8| �o/r�� 'C�3�t&c�)����S!��*MyQ!UP8��$�#!��`u$|fhN �� ��� �� ��!�f.��PzpN������N�A� �`F�/0z#�m������0�k �_X| �G/9�yP�=����P9\�Ι�,�f��"f����S��^ General classification 5. Energy band theory can be used to explain the classification of materials. They are the hardest elements which are found on the earth.. 1. There are different types of metals based on physical and chemical properties. ]3�O��3Q���L��!2FF⟱�ޙ9� G4�pA�!#��L3C8`�U���'���>!��zv����w/Dv�KrQD���ވ��H�!�C�;���� �N�N��H'��i���A=>����O���v��������$�z������Џ��h �����B�o��T/������DA����������%� �����s��WO�K��K�������������Z�����k�����"��0��k����v����o� 2012-11-27T05:51:16Z CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS. h޴�]o�0�����.J4���*k��ZEM���&ȸM�_?S�5���i�>�9'`�� D�GGb�G;2�Љvx��df�(�B��~�� ���e���V���c\���y��!�ŀ^O\��gD��g����U�n^W&F7P��)ReWk�Gd`g�*�U��[!��Z��S4�S$��N5���.� lua@ӻ�2|בֿ�;WD�e�Ex��%�>˰R��\B�T�A��~:}��ȋa�yD�� A large number of metals are available in nature. Heavy metal contamination to soil and the environment has been accelerated in modern society due to industrialization, rapidly expanded world population, and intensified agriculture. 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The first classification of meteorites based on chemical compo-sition was by Farrington (1907), who chemically analyzed irons. Physical Properties of Metals: (a) Malleability: It is that property of metals which allows them to be beaten into the thin sheets. Based on the ability of various materials to conduct current, the materials are classified as conductors, insulators and the semiconductors. endstream endobj 85 0 obj <>stream h�D�]�0��r�t��lk$Ad�� �݉.4����'t��{��% l6r7qG>.��5�5wIr�\���{�j�i�kvq�֨Pi�ZD���3�΍��l�v��|� �T�ZȒ�?_b�3��1���`$d婝��cu�cG��� �TY!/=..��S�'Ý| ̉�`$vʪ( Casting can weigh from a few grams to several tons. _�1[�����o�a�GM+؃�[4���F a���U��6-:º�Xu,y ��%�}@��L��g6�~c�f>9N�l)A,�2�,��䈂�� vU�G�4� b����b6' ��]��W�V��3�+k�A�� h��SMk�@�+�fw]]� 4m9��z �%��A�`�}��&-��9��6��ͼ�X6ʀ� METAL CLASSIFICATION All metals may be classified as ferrous or nonferrous. �����p��Qᄞ�������ׯ��a&�u��������ZWk������6����n��� ���g Few examples of metals are iron, gold, silver, aluminium, copper, etc. h�L�� Metals: Those materials which possess the characteristic of being hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, ductile, etc. fk����y��=�7P���A'+���.ܙ����v�tRU�I�7��8���t-�L��-�P���41�P��UQ��х"yQBK��� mK�zC-A9�/����ś�( �$���\�Cs^q�߹lO���$�؎�a�]r��GI����5i����y��hn��>����J�'�ŧ;�A���ak�I`�E߹���k��߿���S�Y��L�����b�� ���s4t/�*N�1��Ե��y��YXh��Z�d:m�1�s��[��]3�� �\�`]��RB�(��[憐5I=\��Io��);�ϣ5T�w�&��RJ9p����У[�U �m��)��K lT� �l��0D�hf6(LA�v`S�A��"�>�Lv'i&������D�z彩F��D���Z�U]S_ Classification of Engineering Materials METALS & ALLOYS METALS polycrystalline consisting of a great number of fine crystals Possess low strength Do not have the required properties Faceted glass objects are sometimes called crystals ! geg*��e�� (L{�xG���:�-m�������7U�/�Qݕ[zR�]o Ƽ�ɘ�rؘ|�����u�����שÏ Xa_���`�}�l4��0��0��k�(��w#��+^�c&9uR�=)a�>5jk .Q��5So���y2���y�K�|�8�u���>>��8����>}��Bz��_�{��|��Ei�y��?�˻�=}��7� ��Z(s�Rv�ֱ�5���D�����y,~^DmI0�E�G�8�j����������� ���L�~�8Ww���x�0H���Px�MИ�0� �M�~'[��k�e�L���Mp=�ظ���m��mڬ������v�h�p�֒���˙_��`�� ���?�W� ��� Conductor is materials that easily conducts or pass the current. uuid:57b7e382-a639-4b8c-8c10-0f97b345cdc7 1. 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